The difference between battery and lithium battery

Lithium battery: A type of secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that relies on lithium ions moving between the positive and negative terminals to function. In the process of charge and discharge, Li+ is embedded and deembedded between the two electrodes. During charging, Li+ is deembedded from the positive electrode and embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state. The opposite is true for electrical discharge. Does not contain toxic and harmful substances, known as green batteries. The following for you to introduce the working principle of lithium ion battery, structure, advantages and disadvantages and lithium battery, storage battery, lithium iron carbonate battery, polymer battery difference.

Lithium batteries are divided into lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries.

Mobile phones and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, commonly known as lithium-ion batteries. The battery generally uses the material containing lithium element as the electrode, is the representative of modern high performance battery. Real lithium-ion batteries are rarely used in everyday electronics because they are dangerous.

Lithium-ion batteries were first developed by SONY in 1990. It involves embedding lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode (conventional lithium-ion batteries use lithium or lithium alloys as the negative electrode).

The structural component of lithium ion battery

1) Positive electrode -- active material is lithium manganese or lithium cobalt, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, electric bicycles are commonly used lithium nickel cobalt manganese (commonly known as three yuan) or three yuan + a small amount of lithium manganese, pure lithium manganese and lithium iron phosphate due to large volume, poor performance or high cost and gradually fade out. The electrode fluid uses electrolytic aluminum foil with a thickness of 10--20 microns.

The working principle, structure, advantages and disadvantages of lithium ion battery and the difference between lithium battery and storage battery

2) Diaphragm -- a specially shaped polymer film with a microporous structure that allows lithium ions to pass through, but electrons cannot.

3) Negative electrode -- the active substance is graphite, or carbon with similar graphite structure. Electrolytic copper foil with thickness of 7-15 microns is used for conducting collector fluid.

4) Organic electrolyte -- carbonate solvent dissolved with lithium hexafluorophosphate, polymer electrolyte gel.

5) battery shell - divided into steel shell (square type rarely used), aluminum shell, nickel-plated iron shell (cylindrical battery use), aluminum plastic film (flexible packaging), and battery cap, is also the positive and negative terminal of the battery.

How lithium-ion batteries work

Lithium-ion batteries take carbon materials as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode. There is no lithium metal, only lithium ions. This is the lithium-ion battery. Lithium ion battery is the general term of battery with lithium ion embedded compound as positive electrode material. The process of charge and discharge of lithium ion battery is the process of lithium ion embedding and deembedding. In the process of lithium ion embedding and deintercalation, it is accompanied by the insertion and deintercalation of equivalent electrons with lithium ion (traditionally, the positive electrode is represented by embedding or deintercalation, while the negative electrode is represented by insertion or deintercalation). In the process of charge and discharge, lithium ions are inserted/uninserted and inserted/uninserted between positive and negative electrodes, which is vividly called "rocking chair battery".

When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive side of the battery, and the resulting lithium ions travel through the electrolyte to the negative side. As a negative electrode, carbon has a layered structure with many micropores. Lithium ions that reach the negative electrode are embedded into the micropores of the carbon layer. The more embedded lithium ions, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when a battery is discharged (which is what we do with batteries), the lithium ions embedded in the negative carbon layer escape and travel back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions in the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity.

Lithium ion battery advantages

1. High voltage platform of lithium battery: the average voltage of a single battery is or, about equal to the series voltage of 3 nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-metal hydride batteries, which is convenient to form a battery pack.

2, with high storage energy density: compared with other batteries, lithium battery energy density is very high, currently has reached 460-600Wh/kg, about 6 ~ 7 times of lead-acid battery. This means that lithium-ion batteries are lighter for the same charge capacity. It is calculated that the weight of the same volume is about 1/5 ~ 1/6 of the lead acid product.

3. Relatively long service life: the service life of lithium battery can reach more than 6 years. Taking lithium ferrous phosphate as a positive electrode, for example, at 1C charge-discharge ratio, the * cycle record can reach 1000 times.

4. With high power bearing capacity: the charge and discharge ratio of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery for electric vehicle lithium battery can reach 15C-30C, which is very suitable for high-intensity starting and acceleration of power vehicles.

5. The self-discharge rate is very low. The self-discharge rate is one of the most outstanding advantages of lithium-ion battery. The self-discharge rate of a full charge storage at room temperature for a month is about 10%, while the nickel-cadmium rate is 25-30% and nickel-metal hydride rate is 30-35% under the same conditions.

6. No memory effect: This means that lithium-ion batteries can be charged and discharged at any time, rather than having to wait until the battery runs out, like nickel-metal hydride and nickel-tin batteries.

7, high and low temperature adaptability: lithium battery can be used in -20℃- 60℃ environment, after processing, can be used in -45℃ environment.

8, green environmental protection: no matter the production, use and scrap does not contain nor produce lead, mercury, cadmium and other toxic heavy metals.

9, the main raw materials of lithium ion batteries, lithium, manganese, iron, vanadium in our country are rich resources; Production uses little water, which is good for countries where water sources are scarce.

Disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries

1, the wrong use of safety risks: because the lithium ion battery composition is very active, if the wrong use will occur electrolyte decomposition, combustion and even explosion of major accidents.

2. Different discharge rates have a great impact on the available capacity of the battery.

3, over charge and over discharge will cause irreversible damage to the battery: in view of the above shortcomings, the general large capacity of lithium battery pack are used to monitor the use of the battery process.

4, low temperature battery performance deteriorates significantly, discharge platform decreases, output power decreases, available power attenuation, etc.

The working principle, structure, advantages and disadvantages of lithium ion battery and the difference between lithium battery and storage battery

The difference between lithium ion batteries and lithium batteries

Lithium battery uses lithium metal as electrode to generate current through electron transfer, which is easy to generate dendrite and cause explosion. Lithium batteries are one-shot batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries are charged and discharged by the transfer of lithium ions, mainly using lithium doped metal oxides as electrodes. Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable secondary batteries.

The difference between lithium ion batteries and lithium iron carbonate batteries

Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. The cathode materials of lithium ion battery mainly include lithium cobalt, lithium manganese, lithium nickel, ternary material, lithium iron phosphate and so on. Lithium cobaltate is the anode material used in most lithium-ion batteries.

The difference between lithium-ion batteries and accumulators

First: weight comparison. Lithium battery is lighter, lithium battery capacity density is high, up to 192Wh/kg, the same weight and volume, the energy under the lead-acid battery is more than times, the current two-wheeled electric vehicle needs large endurance, only choose lithium battery is the best way.

Second: the comparison of charging efficiency. Lithium battery charging efficiency is higher, take three yuan 18650 lithium battery, the maximum charging current is generally, to alliance 72V24Ah lithium battery, the maximum charging current can be 12A, of course, in order to consider the safety of lithium battery life, alliance lithium protection plate limits the maximum charging current, currently recommended maximum 6A charging current, The 72V24Ah battery only takes 4 hours to charge.

Third, the comparison of life span. Lithium battery life is longer, generally ternary lithium battery, the cycle is about 800 times, according to the general use of our current electric vehicle, lithium battery can be used for at least 3 years. The 800 cycles here does not mean that the battery will be completely scrapped after 800 cycles, but that after 800 cycles, its capacity can still reach about 60-70% of the maximum capacity of the new battery. If the mileage of the capacity can still be higher than the user's minimum requirements, it can still continue to be used until the battery can no longer meet the user's needs. And that could be four years? Five years? Or even six years?

Fourth: performance and durability comparison. Lithium batteries of the same capacity effectively use more energy than lead-acid batteries. Compare a 72V lead-acid battery to a lithium battery. General lead-acid battery operating voltage is 63V-82V, the middle pressure difference is 19V. Take Alliance 72V lithium electricity for example, 20 strings of 18650 lithium electricity, the working voltage of the single lithium electricity is 55V-84V, 20 strings of lithium electricity, in order to protect the safety and life of lithium electricity, Alliance set the working voltage is, the middle pressure difference is much more than the lead-acid battery pressure difference, that is to say the working voltage range is 34% more than lead-acid battery. In plain English, a lithium-ion battery with the same voltage capacity can run about a third longer than a lead-acid battery, even if the difference in battery power, not the weight, is taken into account.

The difference between lithium-ion batteries and polymer batteries

Lithium polymer battery is the upgrade product of lithium ion battery. Compared with the current popular lithium-ion batteries, it has the advantages of large capacity, small size (thin), safety (does not explode) and so on. However, due to the upgrading of the whole industrial chain, its cost is still relatively high at present, and it is only used in high-end digital products (ultra-thin notebook computers, etc.). Lithium polymer battery refers to all solid or gel is too electrolyte lithium ion battery. Generally, aluminum - plastic composite film is used as packaging material.